Asset Allocation and Your Age- Finding the Proper Allocation that Makes You Comfortable and Reduces Risk With Your Retirement Investments

One of the unfortunate byproducts of the current stock market meltdown, is the fact that many people are going to have to delay their retirement by a few years, if not more. When times are good, and the stock market is increasing at 8% to 12% per year, it is very difficult for people to pull money out of the stock market and put it in safer investments.

Even though I am in my mid-thirties, I have experienced two periods of time in my working life where I have had co-workers or acquaintances tell me they were going to have to defer retirement for a few years due to heavy losses sustained in their retirement accounts, both after the tech crash and subsequent effects of 9/11, and the current stock market crash.

An equally unfortunate part of the equation is that many people getting close to retirement age these days are now pulling ALL of their retirement investments out of the stock market, and may never be able to make up the difference.

So how do you avoid this scenario?

The answer is asset allocation.

Asset allocation is how you have your investments proportioned in each investment category. For example, you could invest in stocks, bonds, real estate, and commodities (gold, oil, etc.), leave your money in cash, or even invest in foreign currency. Most of the categories can be broken down further, such as large cap stocks, small cap stocks, etc. Also, you can invest in some categories, such as commodities or even real estate by either buying certain companies that are part of that industry (i.e., stocks), or exchange traded funds that invest in a particular commodity (such as gold or oil), or even a real estate investment trust (REIT) for real estate. For the sake of simplicity, and because it is frequently the only investment outside of a home, let’s just look at retirement accounts an focus on stocks vs. bonds vs. cash-keeping in mind that some stocks could be a gold ETF or a REIT for real estate. The goal of asset allocation is to reduce volatility and limit the potential downside of loses to one class of asset. By the same token, however, the upside (or potential for gains) can be reduced if one asset class sees large gains.

There are two components of asset allocation that you need to examine:
1.) Your asset allocation vs. age, or when you want to retire.
2.) How often you rebalance your portfolio, or changing your asset allocation.

Asset allocation vs. age

There is an old rule of thumb, that the amount of investments you keep in stocks (vs. bonds or cash) should be 100 minus your age. For example, if you were 40 years old, the amount of money you keep in stocks would be 100-40 = 60%. While this may have seemed conservative a year or two ago, there are many, many people who would have loved to have this type of allocation over the last year. I would surmise that this could be adjusted somewhat based on your own personal risk tolerance, as well. But even if you were 20 years old, it would still mean that you would have 20% of your retirement funds in bonds or cash, such as a money market fund. Benjamin Graham (Warren Buffett’s mentor) recommended at least 25% in each category, and suggested that a 50/50 split might be appropriate.

Rebalancing Your Portfolio- Re-allocation of Assets

At some interval, whether it is every 6 months or every year, you should rebalance your portfolio back to the asset allocation you determined was right for you. You should also take into account your age, or how soon you want to retire. The closer you get to retirement, the “less risky” your overall portfolio should be.

Why?
Because this is how you lock in stock market gains, and limit losses. Going back to Warren Buffet’s mentor, he recommends a simpler way-

A good case can be made for a consistent 50-50 (stocks vs. bonds) division here, with adjustments for changes in the market level. This means the investor would switch some of his stocks into bonds on significant rises of the market level, and vice-versa when the market declines.

I do not see this as market timing-it is not based on what the stock market or your investments are going to do, but what they have already done-there is a key difference there.

By properly allocating your retirement assets to your age or retirement, as well as your risk tolerance, and rebalancing on a regular basis, you can limit the volatility in your retirement accounts and approach retirement age without worrying about a massive drop in the stock market putting your retirement plans on hold.

Are your retirement accounts allocated across different investment types? Do you rebalance on a regular basis?